In his speech on June 1,
1935, Sa'adeh clearly articulated his party’s fundamental strategy and
objective. He defined his party as "an idea and a movement concerned with
the life of a nation in its entirety."[1] By this, Sa'adeh
emphasized that the party's focus extends beyond any specific segment of
society—be it religious, familial, or class-based. Instead, it represents the Syrian
nation, aiming to unify its diverse elements into a cohesive whole, as
reflected in its goals and principles, which address all Syrians equally.
Sa'adeh
further explained, "In this important work, we shall encounter many internal
and external difficulties, which we must overcome. We must begin with the
internal challenges because we cannot fully address the external ones until we
have conquered the internal obstacles."[2] Among these internal
difficulties, he identified "decadent beliefs" and "conflicting
traditions," which hinder national unity. Adel Beshara described Syria at
that time as a society bound by an outdated belief system characterized by
confessionalism, clannism, tribalism, and other forms of primordial loyalty,
all rooted in a doctrine derived from various conflicting sources. This
doctrine had left Syrian society stagnant until exposure to Western ideas in
the 19th century, which, unfortunately, only added to the confusion.[3]
Sa'adeh
sought to eradicate the social ills, corrupt principles, and chaos that
contributed to his people's distressing condition. "We are a movement that
is on the offensive; we are a movement that has introduced new teachings with
which it attacks the evil and chaos that are responsible for the people's
present sorrowful state,"[4] he declared. His goal was
to overcome the prevailing ignorance and destructive beliefs and to improve the
lives of both men and women by addressing their social, political, and economic
conditions. Sa'adeh saw both men and women as victims of the current situation
in his nation, suffering from the same social, legal, and political injustices.
The prevalent cultures of ignorance, backwardness, fragmentation, and decadent
beliefs affected not just one group, but the entire society. To change this
status quo and solve these problems, Sa'adeh advocated for adopting a new
culture or indigenous outlook, and a new system that would lead the people
toward progress.
Thus,
Sa'adeh proclaimed: "The Syrian Social Nationalist Party has found a means
of overcoming these difficulties through its system (nizam), which breaks down
both the traditions that oppose the unity of the nation and individual
psychologies that oppose the psychological individuality of the nation."[5]
Unlike
Qassim Amin, Sa'adeh was not merely a proponent of women's emancipation. He was
a national reformer, concerned with the cause of the entire nation and its
liberation from external and internal threats. He envisioned the individual,
whether male or female, being freed from traditional constraints and achieving
liberty and self-realization through the nation, specifically within an open
and integrated society—one that strives for knowledge, justice, freedom, and
peace while opposing oppression and injustice.[6] Sa'adeh's solution did not
isolate women; instead, it targeted the whole society and aimed for national
integration and the general welfare of all its members. His vision was to free
the nation from colonialism, establish a secular, modern, and democratic state
devoid of racism, exclusion, oppression, and discrimination, and transform the
social, economic, and political life of his people.
Sa'adeh
often reiterated that principles exist to serve the people, assist society, and
improve its quality of life.[7] He emphasized his goal was
to "cater to the interests of his people"[8] and "to work for the
public good within a peaceful and free context"[9] because "life and its
beauty, goodness, and loveliness are the ultimate end."[10] Therefore, it can be
confidently stated that the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) is an agent
of change, aiming to foster a sense of self-confidence and national
consciousness through its doctrine, essential for the complete crystallization
of the nation and leading to its national renaissance. This renaissance seeks
to enhance the lives of all Syrians and advance the welfare and modernization
of their society.
[1]Antun Sa´adeh, Al-Muhadarat
al-’Ashr, op. cit., p. 30.
[2]Ibid., p. 31.
[3] Adel Beshara (ed.), The Origins of Syrian Nationhood, op.
cit., p. 357.
[4]Antun Sa´adeh, Al-Muhadarat
al-’Ashr, op. cit., p. 24.
[5]Ibid., p. 31.
[6]See Safia A. Sa´adeh, “Sa´adeh and
National Democracy”, in Adel Beshara (ed.), Antun Sa´adeh: The Man, His Thought – An Anthology,
op. cit., p. 533.
[7]Antun Sa´adeh, Al-Muhadarat
al-’Ashr, op. cit., pp. 37 – 38.
[8]Antun Sa´adeh, Al-Athar
al-Kamilah - 1938 (Complete Works), vol. 4, Beirut: Fikr, 1980, p. 38.
[9]Antun Sa´adeh, Al-Athar
al-Kamilah (Complete Works), vol. 1 (1921 – 1931), Beirut: SSNP Information Bureau,
2nd edition, 1982, p. 342.
[10]Antun Sa´adeh, Al-Muhadarat
al-’Ashr, op. cit., p. 173.